Alphabet
The following letters are used either in national alphabets or in ISO 9 transliteration standard. This allows 1:1 transliteration from Latin to Cyrillic and from Cyrillic to Latin, where every single latin letter maps to a single cyrillic letter, and the conversion is reversible without loosing orginal information.
| Latin | Cyrillic | IPA | Comment |
| A a | A a | /a/ | |
| Ą ą | Ą ą | /õ/ | nasal o (ou) |
| Á á | Á á | /a:/ | aa (long a) |
| Ä ä | Ä ä | /ea/ | |
| Â â | Я я | /ja/ | iotated a |
| B b | Б б | /b/ | |
| C c | Ц ц | /ts/ | |
| Ć ć | Ћ ћ | /tɕ/ | soft ts |
| Č č | Ч ч | /tʃ/ | tsh |
| D d | Д д | /d/ | |
| Ď ď | Ď ď | /ɟ/ | soft d in dew |
| Đ đ | Ђ ђ | /dʑ/ | dź/дзь (dzj/дзи) |
| D̂ d̂ | Џ џ | /ʤ/ | dž/dż/дж |
| E e | E e | /ɛ/ | short e |
| É é | É é | /e:/ | ee (long e) |
| Ę ę | Ę ę | /ẽ/ | nasal e (eu) |
| È è | Э э | /e/ | uniotated e |
| Ě ě | Є є | /jɛ/ | mandatory iotated e |
| Ё ё | Ё ё | /jo/ | iotated o |
| F f | Ф ф | /f/ | |
| Ĝ ĝ | Ґ ґ | /g/ | mandatory g |
| G g | Г г | /g/ or /ɦ/ | g/h depends on region |
| Ğ ğ | Ѓ ѓ | /ɡʲ/ | soft g (gj) |
| H h | Ҕ ҕ | /ɣ/ or /x/ | depends on letter position |
| Ĥ ĥ | Х х | /x/ | voiceless h (ch) |
| I i | И и | /i/ | |
| Ї ї | Ї ї | /ji/ | |
| Í í | Í í | /i:/ | ii (long i) |
| J j | Й й | /j/ | y in yesterday |
| K k | К к | /k/ | |
| Ќ ќ | Ќ ќ | /c/ | soft k (kj/кь) |
| L l | Л л | /l/ | |
| Ľ ľ | Љ љ | /ʎ/ | lj (soft l in failure) |
| Ł ł | Ł ł | /w/ | w in wow |
| M m | М м | /m/ | |
| N n | Н н | /n/ | |
| Ń ń | Њ њ | /ɲ/ | soft n in canyon (= Ň ň) |
| O o | O o | /o/ | |
| Ô ô | Ô ô | /uo/ | uo (see also ů, ó) |
| Ó ó | Ó ó | /o:/ or /u/ | long o or uo reduced to u |
| P p | П п | /p/ | |
| R r | Р р | /r/ | |
| Ř ř | Ҏ ҏ | /rʒ/ | fricative rz |
| S s | С с | /s/ | |
| Ś ś | С́ с́ | /ɕ/ | si (soft s) |
| Š š | Ш ш | /ʃ/ or /ʂ/ | sh, sz |
| Ŝ ŝ | Щ щ | /ʃtʃ/ | shtsh, szcz |
| T t | Т т | /t/ | |
| Ť ť | Ť ť | /c/ | soft t (tje) |
| U u | У у | /u/ | |
| Ú ú | У́ у́ | /u:/ | uu (long u in food) |
| Û û | Ю ю | /ju/ | iotated u |
| Ů ů | Ů ů | /u/ | uo reduced to u |
| Ŭ ŭ | Ў ў | /wu/ | woo in woodstock |
| V v | В в | /v/ | |
| Y y | Ы ы | /ɪ/ | |
| Ý ý | Ý ý | /ɪ:/ | long y |
| Z z | З з | /z/ | |
| Ź ź | З́ з́ | /ʑ/ | zi (soft z) |
| Ž ž | Ж ж | /ʒ/ or /ʐ/ | fricative z (= Ż ż) |
| ˊ | Ь ь | | softening (front yer) |
| ˝ | Ъ ъ | | hardening (back yer) |
Ancient Letters
| Latin | Cyrillic | IPA | Comment |
| X x | Ѯ ѯ | /ks/ | to avoid x confusion |
| IÆ iæ | Ѣ ѣ | /jæ:/ | long softening (yat/jać)* |
| Ã ã | Ѧ ѧ | /aʊ/ | nasal a/am/an (little yus) |
| Õ õ | Ѫ ѫ | /oʊ/ | nasal o/om/on (big yus) |
* This letter doesn't exist in modern alphabets but there's still in words:
лѣто: letni, lato, літо, лето;
бѣлый: biały, bielić, білий, белый
Alphabet logic
- Existing national letters are preferred over artificial
- Softened consonants are made with acute: ć (ћ), ď, ѓ (ğ), ľ (љ), ќ, ń (њ/ň), ś (с́), ť, ź (з́)
- Longened vowels are made with acute: á, é, í, ó, ú, ý
- Existing caron letters are used: č (cz/ч), ř (rz), š (sz/ш), and ž (ż/ж)
- Iotated letters are made with Czech/Ukrainian ě/є (je) and Belarussian/Russian ё (jo)
- Uniotated e is made with Belarussian/Russian è/э
- Non-latin letters are made with ISO 9 circumflex: â/я (ja), d̂/џ (dž/dż), ĝ/ґ (g), ĥ/x (ch), ŝ/щ (šč), û/ю (ju)
- Nasals are made with ogonek letters: ą ę
- Yers are made with single acute ˊ/ь and double acute ˝/ъ
- National letters are preserved: ä (Slovak), đ/ђ (Serbocroatian), ї (Ukrainian), ł (Polish), ŭ/ў (Belarussian)
- Reduced uo letters are preserved: ô (Slovak uo), ó (Polish u), ů (Czech u)
- International equivalents are preferred: ń over Czech ň, ž over Polish ż
- G/H problem is solved with cyrillic Ҕ ҕ (used for voiced H in Abkhaz and Yakut languages)
- Acient Ksi, Yus and Yat is made with "western" letters x/ѯ, æ/ѣ, ã/ѧ, õ/ѫ
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