G/H Problem

Slovian (slavian) languages have four G/H sounds:

G (IPA g) English get, give, go, Polish góra, Russian герой
Fricative H (IPA ɣ) Belarussian галава [ɣalava]
Voiced H (IPA ɦ) Belarussian: гара [ɦaˈra], Czech hora [ˈɦɔra], hlava [ˈɦlava], Ukrainian багато [bä'ɦätɔ]
Silent H (IPA x), Polish chata ['xata], Cyrillic x

Cyrillic Approach

Ukrainian alphabet resembles different G/H sounds by using letters Г (ɦ), Ґ (g) and Х (x). Because ɣ and ɦ are quite similar so for example belarussian Г resembles (ɣ). To solve this problem extended cyrillic letter Ҕ, ҕ for (ɣ) can be used. If you need precise sound mapping the following convention can be applied:

LatinCyrillicIPA
Ĝ ĝҐ ґmandatory /g/
G gГ г/ɦ/ or /ɣ/ or /g/ depending on region:
Polish, Russian /g/
Belarussian /ɣ/
Ukrainian /ɦ/
H hҔ, ҕ/ɦ/ or /ɣ/ or /x/ depending on letter order in word
Ĥ ĥХ хmostly silent /x/
Ch ch in Latin transliteration

Circumflex is again used to code cyrillic letters Ĝ ĝ and Ĥ ĥ similarily to Я я (Â â), Ю ю (Û û), Щ щ (Ŝ ŝ) which is already used in ISO 9 standard. Also extended cyrillic letter Ҕ, ҕ is used to indicate voicing possibility of H (sound gh). This letter of the Cyrillic script is used in the Abkhaz and Yakut languages to represent the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/ (invented in 1844 by Andreas Johan Sjögren for the Ossetian language).

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